The Relevance of Design Features: From Abstract Knowledge to Practical Implementation

Strohmann, Timo; Khosrawi-Rad, Bijan

Abstract

Design Science Research (DSR) aims to create rigorous, innovative artifacts and produce actionable design knowledge, but translating high-level prescriptions like design principles into tangible implementations remains challenging. We position design features as mid-level constructs that operationalize abstract guidance into concrete functionalities. Drawing on a systematic review of 34 DSR studies contributing 233 design features, we show how inconsistent characterizations complicate their reuse. To address this gap, we propose a two- dimensional framework across six artifact layers and three levels of abstraction, clarifying how design features link theoretical prescriptions to real-world instantiations while retaining flexibility. Building on these insights, we offer guidelines for formulating design features to enhance traceability, foster reusability, and support iterative refinement. We then illustrate their application in one case. By systematically documenting design features with clarity and precision, DSR scholars can more effectively bridge abstract knowledge and practical development, ultimately strengthening the rigor and impact of DSR.