Sex- and Gender-Specific Differences in Chronic Pruritus

Stumpf A, Pfleiderer B

Abstract

Although chronic pruritus is very common in the general population (lifetime prevalence of around 23 %), knowledge about sex- and gender-specific differences is still limited. Available studies show that females and males differ in their pruritus perception - females experience itch more intensely. Therefore, females not only demonstrate more severe psychological impairment but also present a different behavior - females scratch more. But also the qualities of itch differ. Females suffer more from a burning itch that suggests a stronger neuropathic component and they experience higher itch intensity on their lower extremities. Moreover, females can be distracted more easily from their itch on their legs; males on their upper extremities. Females and males demonstrate different brain activation patterns during itch stimulation. Thus, sex- and gender-specific effects on the central perception and modulation of itch needs to be taken into account for a better understanding of chronic pruritus.