Donor-cell leukemia with novel genetic features 2 years after sex-mismatched T cell-depleted haploidentical stem cell transplantation

Luber V, Lutz M, Thiede C, Haferlach C, Dürk HA, Einsele H, Grigoleit GU, Mielke S

Abstract

The mechanisms leading to the appearance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the donor cells after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) are barely understood [1, 2]. This phenomenon is associated with a poor prognosis. However, it has to be assumed that only a fraction of cases get detected and reported, making every case in its uniqueness a valuable and worthwhile to report information. While the detection of the chromosomal gender of the donor in leukemic blasts leads with certainty to the diagnosis, detection of donor cell leukemia (DCL) following sex-matched transplantation can be challenging. Here we report a well-documented case of DCL after haploidentical HSCT (haploHSCT) for secondary AML. © 2020 The Authors.