Politics of Religion in Wartime Ukraine: Between Religious Freedom and Hybrid Attacks [Ukrainische Religionspolitik im Krieg: Zwischen Religionsfreiheit und Hybriden Angriffen.]

Elsner, Regina

Abstract

The chapter examines the role of religion and politics in the ongoing war in Ukraine and presents data on the state of religion in Ukraine. After Russia’s invasion in 2022, religion became increasingly securitized, with churches—especially the Ukrainian Orthodox Church—coming under suspicion of collaboration with Russia. At the same time, Russia exploited religious narratives to justify its aggression, portraying the Ukrainian Orthodox Church as a “persecuted church”. In response, the Ukrainian government introduced laws to restrict or ban religious organizations with ties to Russia, drawing some international criticism as potential infringements on religious freedom. The article also highlights Ukraine’s historical and contemporary religious diversity, showing how religious affiliation is closely tied to questions of national identity. Ultimately, it demonstrates how religion has become a central field of hybrid warfare and how the balance between religious freedom and national security poses a profound challenge for Ukraine.