[ICD lead defects: diagnosis and therapeutical options]

Wollmann CG, Böcker D, Löher A, Scheld HH, Breithardt G, Gradaus R

Abstract

The number of cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) implantations has been steadily increasing; thus, ICD lead-associated complications are an important issue. No clear recommendations for the diagnosis and management are available. This article gives an overview of how to diagnose and manage an ICD lead defect. Possible therapeutic options are discussed by reviewing the literature.