Socio-Economic Integration Within and Through Small-Scale Family Businesses of Turkish-Origin Entrepreneurs in Germany

Çelik, Melisa

Abstract

Migrant entrepreneurship is often discussed as a strategy for adapting to the host country, yet studies frequently overlook the nuanced relationship between higher levels of integration and entrepreneurial activities among individuals with migration backgrounds. This study challenges one-dimensional views of entrepreneurship and integration by analysing the lived experiences of individuals of Turkish descent in Germany. Using an autoethnographic approach, drawn from my work experience at a migrant-owned business, and 23 in-depth interviews with Turkish-origin entrepreneurs, the research investigates underexplored domain of migrant family businesses through the framework of mixed embeddedness theory. Empirically derived findings highlight the significance of upward social mobility, migrant agency, family embeddedness, and work flexibility as key motivations and recourses. These intersect with opportunity structures shaped by belonging, adaptation to local markets, market ghettoization and the rise of new migrant entrepreneurs. Additionally, self-employment decisions are influenced more by socio-economic integration and life objectives than by unemployment. This paper emphasizes the agency of individuals with migration backgrounds in navigating structural challenges. It also sheds light on labour and self-exploitation, and interactions among “Muslim” entrepreneurs, offering a nuanced perspective on migrant entrepreneurship.