Expression of De Novo Open Reading Frames in Natural Populations of Drosophila melanogaster.

Glaser-Schmitt A; Lebherz M; Saydam E; Bornberg-Bauer E; Parsch J

Research article (journal) | Peer reviewed

Abstract

De novo genes, which originate from noncoding DNA, are known to have a high rate of turnover over short evolutionary timescales, such as within a species. Thus, their expression is often lineage- or genetic background-specific. However, little is known about their levels and breadth of expression as populations of a species diverge. In this study, we utilized publicly available RNA-seq data to examine the expression of newly evolved open reading frames (neORFs) in comparison to non- and protein-coding genes in Drosophila melanogaster populations from the derived species range in Europe and the ancestral range in sub-Saharan Africa. Our datasets included two adult tissue types as well as whole bodies at two temperatures for both sexes and three larval/prepupal developmental stages in a single tissue and sex, which allowed us to examine neORF expression and divergence across multiple sample types as well as sex and population. We detected a relatively large proportion (approximately 50%) of annotated neORFs as expressed in the population samples, with neORFs often showing greater expression divergence between populations than non- or protein-coding genes. However, differential expression of neORFs between populations tended to occur in a sample type-specific manner. On the other hand, neORFs displayed less sex-biased expression than the other two gene classes, with the majority of sex-biased neORFs detected in whole bodies, which may be attributable to the presence of the gonads. We also found that neORFs shared among multiple lines in the original set of inbred lines in which they were first detected were more likely to be both expressed and differentially expressed in the new population samples, suggesting that neORFs at a higher frequency (i.e. present in more individuals) within a species are more likely to be functional.

Details about the publication

JournalJournal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution
Volume(early view)
StatusPublished
Release year2025 (15/04/2025)
Language in which the publication is writtenEnglish
DOI10.1002/jez.b.23297
Link to the full texthttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jez.b.23297
KeywordsExpresssion; RNAseq; De Novo Gene Emergence; Drosophila

Authors from the University of Münster

Bornberg-Bauer, Erich
Research Group Evolutionary Bioinformatics
Lebherz, Marie Kristin
Research Group Evolutionary Bioinformatics