Keywords: Neurons; Polarized cells; Neural stem cells; NSCs; Human induced pluripotent stem cells; hiPSCs; Neuronal differentiation; Oxidative phosphorylation; Mitochondrial energy metabolism; Glycolysis; Neurotransmission; Synaptic vesicle recycling; Calcium buffering; Mitochondrial ROS; ATP levels; Matrix pH; Mitochondrial membrane potential; Fluorescent biosensors; Respiratory supercomplexes; MAP2 expression; PGC1a; Mitochondrial biogenesis; Oxygen consumption rates; Temporal switch; OXPHOS; Mitochondrial activity; Spatial heterogeneity; Neuronal development